Method and apparatus fob the preparation of oils fob- varnishes



Nov. 4 1924. 1,514,432

W. CALDERWOOD ET AL METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF OILS FOR VARNISHES PRINTING INKS PAINTS, LINOLEUMS, AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 17 1924 -,ciW///A,- h

HTTWF/Yf/ Patented Nov. 4, 1924. v

yTED STATES PATENT WILLIAM GALDERWOOD, or FOREST GATE, ALFRED WEIBB, 0E GREAT mssENn N,

AND CHARLES ALWIN REIHL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARA ION OF 0111s FOB VABNISE'ES, rBnv -nve mxs, PAINTS, LINOLEUMS, AND THE LIKE.

Application filed January 17, 1924. Serial No. 686,839.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM C LDER Woon, ALFRED EDWARD WEBB, and (humans ALWIN REIHL, subjects of the King of England and a citizen of the German Republic, respectively, residing at Forest. Gate, Great Missendenyand London, all in the Kingdom of'England, have invented a certain new and useful Improved Method and Apparatus for the Preparation of Oils for Varnishes, Printing Inks, Paints, Linoleums, and the like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention refers to an improved method and apparatus for the preparation of oils, and it has for its object to provide a means of preparing in large or small quantities so-called litho varnishes and oils used in the manufacture of printing inks, also thickened oils used in the manufacture of paints, linoleums and similar products.

The invention has more particular reference to the method of preparing or thickening oils, according to which the oil is heated and subsequently cooled in a sealed vessel from which the excess of oil due to expansion during the heating process is allowed to escape, and the deficiency on cool-. ing is supplied by the addition of previously prepared oil. Now the object of the present invention is the provision of improved apparatus whereby said method may be carried out in a simplified and more expeditious manner than heretofore.

Now according to the present invention we provide apparatus for carrying out the method described comprising a sealed vessel communicating by way of an-oilzseal and-a branch pipe and cocks with two other. receptacles disposed above the level of the said sealed vessel and so arranged that one will serve to receive the excess of oil arising during the heating process and the other will supply the requisite quantity 'of previously prepared oil during the cooling process.

In carrying the present invention into effect we employ a vessel of any approved design, but so constructed that thecontents can be sealed during the process, thereby entirely excluding the atmos here. As-the contents of the vessel are su 'ected to a very great heat we prefer to ma e of copper that portion which comes in contact with fire or gases, the upper portions of the vessel and connections being made of aluminium or alloy, although we do not confine ourselves to these materials only. The sides of the vessel may also be constructed with an annular space providing means for rapidly cooling the contents if desired. Other means of cooling, such as internal aluminium or alloy coils may also be employed.

In order that the present invention may be more clearly understoodand more readily carried into efl'ect it is hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows more or less diagrammatically one convenient-form of apparatus in outside elevation. In this drawing the vessel (1 which is assumed to be made of aluminium is provided with a bolted-on cover I) of similar metal. The base 0 which is of GOP.

per is also bolted thereon. A sinuous connection 03 leads from a facing a onthe main vessel a to the receivers e, f having a branch pipe 9 and cooks h, i for controlling the material. An oil seal is is provided in the connection cl. One of the receivers e is for taking off the surplus oil on expansion of the material in the vessel a, and the other one 7 is for supplying the necessary finished oil to the vessel a when cooling under vacuum. A manhole is provided at m for cleanin purposes. The vessel a is also provided with a thermometer 0, pressure or vacuum gauge 0 and a pet cock 9 for sampling purposes.

An internal si hon pipe t is provided on the facing a at t e side of'the vessel (1 leading to 1 the bottom of said. vessel a, and a similar siphon pipe w is attached to the said facing a on the outside of the said vessel a. The connection d leading to the receptacles e, f is also made to the outside'of said facing a. The said connections are so designed that at will, by the manipulation of suitable'cocks h, i and j, the contents of the main vessel 0 can be sealed, whileat the same time a free passage can be obtained to'the respective receptacles e, f, onefofwhioh serves for receiving the excess soil [during manufacture and the. other for supplying the, necessary oil during the cooling operation .or during emptying the contents of the main vessel a.

The receptacles e, f into which the excess oil is forced by the expansion of the oil in the I of the oil ously prepared oil is drawn for cooling, are placed in such a position above the level of the vessel (1 as to break any siphon. The siphon pipe 10 is arranged for emptying the contents of the vessel for cleaning purposes without in any way interfering with the said connections. Also it will be seen that by placing the two receptacles e, 7 above the height of the vessel a, it is possible to obtain a gravity feed which can be ,used for'fi-lling the apparatus c a from one of the vessels e or f, and also for assisting the vacuum when the second vessel e or f is in use for replacin the material required in the vessel a on cooling to exclude the air. A further advantage is that no pum is required for filling or emptying the vesse a.

Such an apparatus as herein described enables the manufacturer to manipulate any quantity of material at one time, without danger of fire, loss of material or obnoxious fumes. The apparatus also being foolproof less labour is necessary and when'a battery of furnaces are desired thesettings may be made permanent, combining the battery into one unit for easy supervision.

Having now} described the vessel a the process of manufacture with the apparatus 1s as follows :-The requisitequantity of oil is fed into the apparatus-from storage tanks or otherwise, and as the exclusion of air is of primary importance during the thickening process, only sufficient space is left between the level of the raw oil and the top I) of the vessel a to permit of this space being completely filled when the maximum heat has expanded the oil. Any excess of oil introduced into the vessel (1 will be driven 'by' expansion, as the temperature rises, through the special connectiond, gand h into the receiver e for future use, and on its passage to the receiver it forms in the connection 0! an oil seal incompletely excluding the entry of air tothe vessel a.

The oil in the vessel a is now maintained for several hours at an even temperature, the time under this process being much shorter than heretofore. When the required viscosity has been attained the pipe or connection h leading to the first receiver e is closed and the second receiver f is put into circuit. This receiver 7 contains some previously prepared oil of similar density.

The fire or other heating arrangement is now withdrawn or the heat shut off from the vessel 4 and cooling commences. During the process of cooling, oil from the second receiver f is drawn into the vessel (1 by the vacuum produced by cooling air being excluded by the oil seal is in the connection '(Z. If necessary the cooling may be more rapidly performed by passing water through an annular space provided in the vessel (1 or otherwise. When the contents of the vessel a have been cooled sufliciently, the colour of the product is no longer affected by the temperature, and there is no further danger of spontaneous combustion. The oil can therefore now be run from the siphon pipe w -into storage tanks or other receptacles ready for the use for which the material has been prepared.

By the improved method and apparatus for preparing oils it is possible to produce pale coloured litho varnishes and stand oils without the usual risk of spontaneous ignition, loss of material, obnoxious fumes and having lower acidity than is possible with the present methods and apparatus.

\Vhat we claim is 2- 1. Apparatus for carrying out the method described comprising a sealed vessel communicating by way of an oil seal and a branch pipe and cooks with two other receptacles disposed above the level of the said sealed vessel and so arranged that one will serve to receive the excess of oil arising during the heating process, and the other will supply the requisite quantity of previously prepared oil .during the cooling process.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the sealed vessel is provided with an internal and external siphon pipe connected to a facing to which the connection to the elevated receptacles may also conveniently be connected.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto signed our names.

W. CALDERWOOD. ALFRED E. WEBB. CHARLES ALWVIN REIHL. 

